Supports Cardiovascular Health

It’s said that garlic is one of the best foods to keep your heart healthy. It’s been shown to reduce cholesterol while lowering lipid content within the blood. Studies have shown that garlic has a positive effect on hypertension, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. It seems that the miracle food also has the potential to prevent blood clots from forming.

Helps with Hypertension

In both human and animal studies, garlic has been shown to lower blood pressure when administered orally. So much so that improvements can be seen after a single dose. There are long-term, positive effects to eating garlic, as the acid it produces can relax the muscle cells that make up the pulmonary artery, while allows it to expand more. When combined with a balanced diet, garlic can improve your blood pressure immensely.

Nutritional Support Against Cancer

There’s been a correlation shown in many studies done around the world between the higher consumption of garlic and a decreased risk of cancer. Increasing the amount of garlic taken into the body is related to the reduction of cancer cells in the stomach, pancreas, colon, breast, throat and prostate. Established cancer research institutes are claiming that garlic is the most effective food in the prevention of cancer.

Liver Protection

This is one of the best foods you can consume to help detoxify your liver. Garlic can aid in lowering the effects of liver disease while also preventing liver damage caused by certain toxic factors. According to studies, garlic can protect cells in the liver from nitrates, acetaminophen and gentamicin.

Antimicrobial Properties

Studies have shown that the antibacterial properties in garlic can effectively treat salmonella, Proteus, staph infections and more. The workings of garlic can also be antifungal, antiprotozoal and antiviral in some cases. Through test tube studies, it was found to fight against viral pneumonia, the common cold, influenza, herpes and HIV. When cold sufferers consumed garlic extract, they experienced milder symptoms and shorter illness duration.

A Powerful Antioxidant

Unstable molecules in the body known as free radicals can damage DNA and cause issues with your health. How does garlic come into play? Because it’s packed with strong antioxidants, garlic can fight against the distraction caused by free radicals. When it’s broken down, the garlic’s antioxidants produce acid that both react with and traps these damaging molecules.

At Northshore Naturopathic Clinic, our staff is committed to providing new and existing patients with the most effective naturopathic treatments possible. Our services include IV therapy, anxiety counselling, Bowen therapy, food sensitivity testing, trauma counselling, concussion and brain injury treatment and more. Located in North Vancouver, British Columbia, call to book an appointment with us so we can start the healing process on both your physical and mental health.

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By Dr. Sheheen Mithani, ND

As Spring rolls around, we often notice an onslaught of friends and family (and even ourselves) suffering from itchy eyes, a runny nose, sneezing and coughing. At first, you may wonder if it’s a returning cold, but the regularity of timing (every year at the same time), along with symptoms that persist longer than a week, can indicate that the cause is an environmental allergy. Trees, grasses and ragweed are common triggers in the Spring; at other times, pollens, dust and mold. Read on for tips on what you can do to alleviate symptoms and permanently remove triggers.

1) Stay hydrated. Water helps to keep the mucous membranes in our bodies moist, which helps to keep allergens out of our systems. Clinically, I find that patients feel better when they drink enough water for their weight. So, the more you weigh, the more you need to drink. Use this simple calculation to find out how much you should be drinking:

1/2 your weight in pounds   /    8

In this example, a 180 pound person would need just over 11 glasses of water to be adequately hydrated.

2) Sleep. Sleep restores, resets and allows your body to deal with inflammation caused by environmental triggers. Patients often note that their allergy symptoms seem worse after a late night or non-restful sleep. Sleep in total darkness and eliminate all electronics from your bedroom. Listening to theta wave music (you can find it on YouTube) can calm your nervous system and get your brain ready for a night of restorative sleep.

3) Reduce stress. Daily stress is part of life; while we can’t always control the stress, we can modulate our response to it. Chronic stress not only depletes the immune system, but also stops our natural anti-inflammatories from working, which is a double whammy when it comes to fighting off triggering allergens. Try Ashwaghanda or Rhodiola to balance stress. Combined with supplements that stabilize histamine release, allergy symptoms can often be well managed.

4) Reduce Histamine. The release of histamine from mast cells in our body is what causes the classic allergy symptoms. Both Vitamin C and Quercetin can stabilize this response, preventing histamine from leaking into our tissues and causing symptoms. Vitamin C is best taken in divided doses throughout the day; an intravenous boost of 10-15grams can be useful if your symptoms are very troublesome.

5) SLIT Therapy. After testing to find out your allergy triggers, a series of homeopathic remedies is created specifically for you. Taken sublingually (no injections!) over a period of weeks, they work by allowing your body to develop an improved tolerance to allergens. Safe and effective for adults and children, SLIT therapy has been used for years to permanently eliminate symptoms of hayfever and other environmental allergies.

6) Bowen Therapy. Perhaps one of the most effective treatment therapies I use, Bowen treatments balance the nervous and immune systems, improve lymphatic drainage and drastically improve more than just your common hayfever symptoms. Patients suffering from chronic headaches, migraines, sinusitis and fuzzy thinking show marked improvement in as little as 3-4 treatments.

Don’t let another season go by suffering from your symptoms. Book your appointment now at Northshore Naturopathic Clinic . 

At Northshore Naturopathic Clinic, Our goal is to teach our patients to take responsibility for their health in a positive, comfortable atmosphere. Visit our clinic at North Vancouver, BC . For more information about office hours and contact information Click here.

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The causes of most chronic disease are quite common—and easier to address than you think.

While there are hundreds of chronic diseases, there are only a handful of causes for most of them. Many doctors search for the pathology behind a disease and then attack it aggressively with medications. This often works for acute afflictions, but is likely to cause more harm than good when it comes to chronic diseases, which are typically systemic in nature.

My philosophy is that the body heals itself if you “delete and treat” the under- lying causes. The goal is to learn why certain organs are malfunctioning, and then return them to good working order. Here’s a look at five major causes of chronic disease.

TRAUMA is injury created by mechanical force. While trauma to the body may
be obvious, trauma to the head can linger if not diagnosed and treated properly.
My local hospital missed diagnosing a concussion I sustained after a car accident. Fortunately, one of my patients was able to steer me to people who were able to diagnose the injury accurately. After 10 days of electronic treatment, my memory (which had been fuzzy since the accident) was restored. I was so impressed with the improvement that a naturopathic doctor in my office took the training and now treats head injuries.

STRESS can wear out people, but it can be managed. There is testing that can
determine if the stress is physical and/or mental—and how your adrenal glands are coping with the stress. For stress and anxiety, I often suggest the following herbs to patients: holy basil, passionflower, chamomile, ashwagandha, and rosemary.

POOR DIET is common. Your body needs nutrients, not stimulants.
Processed foods won’t give your body the nourishment and energy necessary to attain and maintain good health.

EATING TOO WELL can be as destructive as eating a poor diet. Eating too well is the third-most-common cause of disease, after metal exposure and poor diet. Your kidneys judge the seasons by the foods you eat, and adjust your activation of vitamin D according to the sodium/ potassium in your diet.

Eating out of season can convince your kidneys that you’re in a warm, sunny season, so they deactivate your stored vitamin D. That causes calcium levels to decline, allowing bacteria and yeast into your small intestine where they wreak havoc with your digestion and vitamin absorption. This is comparable to what Chinese medicine calls, “being too yin.”

METAL EXPOSURE is the biggest cause of chronic disease and the slowest to respond to treatment. The most common contaminating metals are mercury, lead, and aluminum. According to autopsy studies done at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, people with mercury amalgam fillings had three times more mercury in their brains and nine times more mercury in their kidneys compared to people who had no history of mercury fillings.

Removing heavy metals must be done cautiously because you are putting the metals into circulation in the body.

Dr. Matsen’s Essential Supplements

Supplements are important, as they help strengthen and heal the body in numerous ways, including supporting liver detoxification, improving digestion, weakening intestinal yeast, and improving intestinal flora. Here are two key nutrients to consider taking in supplement form:

Vitamin D:           In hot, sunny weather, if your skin makes lots of vitamin D, your kidneys don’t need to activate the D stored in your liver. If there’s not much sunshine, your kidneys can active vitamin D into a stronger form that improves calcium absorption by up to 1,000 times.

Vitamin K:           While the kidneys’ activation of vitamin D is crucial for getting
calcium into the blood, it’s vitamin K that delivers calcium from the blood into the bones. Vitamin K also prevents calcium from sticking in arteries, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

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Health and Happiness, September 2017 edition

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Is acid reflux burning you up? Does it feel like there’s lava in the pit of your stomach that then flows up under your sternum to your throat? Is it worse at night, making a good sleep impossible?
You may be surprised to learn acid reflux is not necessarily a stomach problem. Your stomach is more likely reacting to irritation from bile that is made by your liver. When you eat, bile enters the base of your stomach at the duodenum to help digest fats. The more fatty or spicy food you eat, the more bile is secreted to aid digestion.

If your liver is overloaded and has dumped toxins into your bile, the toxic bile irritates your duodenum and stomach. The stomach, which is a muscle, reacts by going into a spasm—it shortens. That shortening of the stomach muscle can force the upper valve of the stomach open, allowing the acid and bile to reflux up into the esophagus that has little protection against the harsh digestive juices; it can become severely irritated.

For many people, the immediate reaction is to calm the stomach acid with antacids but, for a long-term cure, you must get to the root of the problem and concentrate on improving your overall liver function.

Toxins are always present during the digestion of food. Many parts of the body—the brain, nerves, joints, arteries, and DNA—are delicate and can be easily damaged by the gut toxins, so every drop of digestive fluid must be filtered by the liver and neutralized of toxins.

Put simply, liver detoxification uses a two-step process involving Phase I and Phase II enzymes. Phase I enzymes add oxygen to fat-soluble chemicals as the first step in making them water-soluble. In so doing, however, deadly peroxides are created that are up to 50 times more toxic. The production of peroxides is a normal biochemical step; Phase II enzymes should quickly neutralize the peroxides.

Tobacco, alcohol, and coffee stimulate your Phase I liver enzymes to make deadly peroxides, while refined foods (such as white sugar and white flour) and metals (such as Thimerosal, the mercury preservative in vaccines) can dramatically interfere with your Phase II enzymes’ ability to neutralize the deadly peroxides. The net result is that your liver spills the peroxides into your bile.

So to help your liver work more efficiently, avoid (or at least limit) tobacco, alcohol, coffee and refined foods.

If you experience a decrease in your acid reflux symptoms when you take acidophilus capsules, you probably also have a yeast and/or bacterial intestinal overgrowth that is putting pressure on your liver to make more deadly peroxides.

A few things might relieve the immediate symptoms of acid reflux.

• Decrease your consumption of fatty foods and spices so less bile will be secreted, thus decreasing the stress on the base of the stomach.
• Licorice is known to strengthen the stomach membranes, thus blocking the effects of stress and coffee on those valuable defensive membranes.
•  A folk remedy some people find helpful is to consume dill pickle juice. Start with one tablespoon per meal and see how your stomach responds.
• One remedy with a long history of success is mastic gum, resin from a tree of the pistachio family found on the Greek island of Chios. The Phoenicians included it in the repertoire of wares they peddled around the Mediterranean 3000 years ago. It was promoted for gastritis and indigestion. A study in the New England Journal of Medicine (December 1998) showed that two 500 mg capsules of mastic gum at bedtime could also kill most types of H. pylori (the bacteria associated with ulcers) within several weeks. Even lower doses have been shown to give improvement.

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Brain mapping or QEEG is a functional assessment of the brain’s electrical activity. It enables us to see your unique pattern of mental strengths and weaknesses – areas of the brain where there is too little or too much activity, and areas that are not coordinating their activity.

Its accuracy is comparable to functional MRI.

A QEEG measures brainwaves, their amplitude, quality of communication between regions, and the speed of communication between regions. It can identify specific function and symptoms to the particular networks in the brain. Using software approved for academic research QEEG now allows us an unprecedented look into the brainwave patterns from deep brain structures.

By seeing which areas have abnormal activity, we can predict what type of symptoms you may be experiencing as a result. For example, if you have a specific difficulty in paying attention, the brain areas involved in attention will been seen on the QEEG report as being outside the norm.

Being able, for the first time, to both identify and train these deeper structures in the brain is a major leap forward in brain training. Enabled with 3D neurofeedback, and through the use of a QEEG, Dr. Mushtagh can train the brain to help it regulate those areas more efficiently and thus decrease symptoms.

We are now pleased to offer QEEG consultation with analysis at Northshore Naturopathic Clinic. If you are interested in learning more, call 604-986-7774 to book a short consult with Dr. Mushtagh.

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For many the holiday season is about eating lots of food and indulging in drink.  Both of these tend to, what naturopaths call “overloading the liver”. This can cause bloating, indigestion, headache, constipation/diarrhea and even increase blood pressure of too much over-indulgence takes place. The real trick is to just take it easy with the amounts, but for those who tend to over-do-it here are some basic tips to take the stress off your system:

 If drinking:

The liver produces an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase, this helps break down alcohol, it requires B6, zinc and vitamin C and the amino acid cysteine. So think about taking a B-vitamin, a multi-mineral and get some protein in to you to get the amino acid cysteine. Acetaldehyde is actually the culprit that causes the hang-over, which is ultimately a toxicity symptom. N-acetyl-cysteine with B-complex may help detox from this chemical. IV saline solutions are also known to do the same, taking bicarbonate of soda to alkalinize the system also seems to help. The best way is moderation, hydration and good sleep.

 If over eating:

Taking digestive enzyme with meal can help support you system in decreasing the digestive load the body has to go through when eating more than usual. Digestive enzymes can decrease bloating, heart burn, cramping, and that feeling of being “stuffed”.

The liver has to process all this food and drink and it is wise to support it. The clinic has one of the best liver remedies available, A-hepatica taken 1 or twice during the days leading up to the big dinner can help immensely. We have used this products for years, including for those with GERD.

If you take anti-acid medication keep in mind they decrease acid in the stomach and therefore decrease proficiency of digestion, another reason why digestive enzyme are probable called for. In this scenario probiotics will also be required as the drugs tend to cause havoc on the good bacteria that colonize our gut.

Spices like sage and thyme can cause heart burn as can cranberries. Again, liver remedies, digestive enzyme and/or probiotics can help take the load off you digestive system and help you enjoy your time this holiday season.

From all at the Northshore Naturopathic Clinic, we wish you a safe and healthy holiday season and a prosperous new year!

Have a Happy Holiday!

 A traditional herbal tea combination for liver support

• 1 part dandelion root
• ½ part burdock
• ½ part slippery elm
• ¼ part ginger

One way to make this tea is to boil the ginger, alone first for 5-10 minutes then add dandelion root burdock for about another 5 minutes. Add the slippery elm to the the boiled ginger, dandelion and burdock root decoction. Make sure the herbal combination is covered as it steeps for 10 minutes or so. Sip slowly and feel its warming action. The bitter taste is actually part of the herbals reflexive action on the liver/gall bladder. If too bitter dilute with hot water.

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Being thankful this Thanksgiving and Beyond

What if there was something that was free, you could carry with you 24 hours a day, you can turn on anytime, uses little electricity, doesn’t come in a bottle, it’s good for your brain by increasing circulation to the hippocampus, stimulates the reward centres of the brain, decreases aches, pains and inflammatory markers in the blood, can help your will-power, known to decrease depression and helps give an optimistic outlook on life, and did I mention it was free? Would you be interested? Of course, you would, what is it? It’s Gratitude! Yes, the simple conjuring of the feeling of gratitude has actually been a hot study as of late. Several studies over the last 5 years or so have looked at the connection between the state of gratitude and human biology.

A study published in the journal Frontiers of Psychology, 2015, lead author Fox found that “when the brain feels gratitude, it activates areas responsible for feelings of reward, moral cognition, subjective value judgments, fairness, economic decision-making and self-reference…[as well as] it (gratitude) rewards generosity and maintains the cycle of healthy social behavior.

The Gratitude Exercise

One very simple way to get into the state of gratitude which was used in some experiments is to keep a gratitude journal. It goes like this: every morning think of 5 things you are grateful for and why, you really need to do the why write them down, it’s important. At night before bed think/write down 1 thing you are grateful for that happened to you during the day and why more is better but you can start with one. Over time you should start to feel and see results, in one study the researchers found those that kept a gratitude journal exercised 1.5 hours more per week and reported to be able to cope with life challenges better.

Counting your blessings can enhance your future happiness and well-being.

From the site: http://happynesshub.com/research-gratitude/

Martin Selignman
Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions
http://dev.rickhanson.net/wp-content/files/papers/PosPsyProgress.pdf

Robert Emmons
Robert Emmons Book – Thanks: How the New Science of Gratitude Can Make You Happier
https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Thanks.html?id=tGCcH2l4jUUC

Why gratitude enhances well-being: What we know, what we need to know
http://emmons.faculty.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/90/2015/08/2011_2-16_Sheldon_Chapter-16-11.pdf

Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life
http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/pdfs/GratitudePDFs/6Emmons-BlessingsBurdens.pdf

Philip Watkins
Grateful recounting enhances subjective well-being: The importance of grateful processing
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/271622624_Grateful_recounting_enhances_subjective_well-being_The_importance_of_grateful_processing

Gratitude and Happiness: Development of a Measure of Gratitude, and Relationships with Subjective Well-Being
http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/pdfs/GratitudePDFs/5Watkins-GratitudeHappiness.pdf

Steven M. Toepfer and Kathleen Walker
Letters of Gratitude: Improving Well-Being through Expressive Writing
http://www.jowr.org/articles/vol1_3/JoWR_2009_vol1_nr3_Toepfer_Walker.pdf

Fox, GR. et al. Neural correlates of gratitude. Front Psychol. 2015; 6: 1491.

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Fall brings not only cooler weather but also signifies for many a return to the school year.  The change to cooler weather allows certain virus’ to flourish and this may be why there is an upsurge of colds and flu within the population at this time. Studies show that school upper respiratory infections increase within 2 weeks of return to school and is usually a rhino virus (Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015 May;34(5):476-81).

One of the most promising cold/flu prevention strategies is oral zinc supplementation. Zinc has shown best promise when taken within 24 hours of onset of symptoms to help decrease symptom(s) duration. When used as prevention, “zinc used for at least 5 months was associated with reduced cold incidences, school absenteeism and antibiotic prescriptions in children”. (Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Jan; 26(1): 135–162).

The RDA for zinc is around 15mg/day, typical supplemental amount depends on age, body size, gender, activity levels and what medications someone is on.
It is important to take zinc with food as taking it on an empty stomach can cause nausea.

Foods high in zinc: Beef, lamb, sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, lentils, garbanzo beans, cashews, turkey, quinoa, shrimp.

Good nutrition is also important at this time; low sugary food and drinks, whole food snacks, and a good multivitamin or vitamin C if under unusual stress may also help support the immune system.

Foods that contain high flavonoids have been shown to reduce colds and flu! (Effect of Flavonoids on Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Immune Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr. 2016 May 16; 7(3):488-97).

Foods high in flavonoids: Apples, blue/black berries, cherries, plums.
Most vegetables including onions (especially red), red bell peppers, red cabbage, tomatoes, eggplants, celery, artichokes, snap beans, okra and broccoli and thank goodness red wine and dark chocolate.
Herbs high in Flavonoids: Green tea, lemon balm tea, thyme tea, rosehip tea, hibiscus tea, p’auer tea, to name a few. Most tea in one form or another has some form of tannins in them.

Good Bacteria for Immune Support
Another aid to support the immune system is the daily intake of probiotic supplementation or foods which contain prebiotic substances. Proper gut health including its microbiota help with decreasing acute upper respiratory infections as well as duration and antibiotic use:
“Probiotics were better than placebo in reducing the number of participants experiencing episodes of acute URTI, the mean duration of an episode of acute URTI, antibiotic use and cold-related school absence”.  A happy tummy really helps the immune system. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 3; (2): CD006895.

This is a great find as the research shows what naturopathic medicine has been saying for a very long time, that gut health is an integral part of overall immune function and supporting it helps with disease prevention and treatment.

So for cold/flu season taking in adequate amounts of:

• Zinc
• Flavonoids
• Probiotics

can help you and your family stay healthy and active through this up and coming season.

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“Heartburn” is so common that in 2013, it is estimated that 112 million prescriptions for a class of drugs used for stomach acid control, known as Proton Pump Inhibitors or PPI for short, were written worldwide, 26 million in the US alone.

The drug (Proton pump inhibitors) do work well at inhibiting acid production and do provide relief for acid indigestion, however, studies investigating the long term use of the medication have revealed some startling findings.  Concerns about this class of medication started as far back as 1998 and recent reviews have demonstrated that long-term use can contribute to chronic kidney disease, bone weakening and fractures, nutritional deficiencies like B12 and magnesium, increased intestinal infections, and most unfortunate is the possibility of PPIs contributing to brain disease in those using the medication who are over 75.

“We Have a Problem Houston”

Stopping the medication is not that easy. For individuals that have been on the medication for some time and who attempt to come off the medication tend to get something known as “rebound hyperacidity” which means  that when the stomach initially starts to make its own acid, it has a tendency to make a fare bit. The other problem is that the stomach now has a history of consistently low acid, certain stomach lining protection systems are not running at full steam because of this, so when the stomach increases its acid production the stomach gets irritated and the symptoms come back and are very uncomfortable. So the tendency is to keep taking the pill.

The government of Canada issued its recommendations based on its consulting in a post in 2014.

The recommended dosage to be 20mg/day of for 2 weeks with no repeats for 4 months. So no more than 3 prescriptions per year. Speak with your medical doctor if you have concerns about dosing.

There are other options, another class of drugs known as the H2 blockers may be helpful for those who have serious health issues and need strong medicine. Simple dietary changes like stopping coffee, black tea, decreasing bad fats, and avoiding rich packaged foods can make a world of difference. The herbs slippery elm, marshmallow root, dandelion root, and licorice root have been used to help with stomach acid irritation.

“Heartburn” can result from many different conditions ranging from heart disease, stomach ulcers, liver problems, hiatal hernias, or certain medications. Most of the time, however, it is typically a benign functional issue that can be aided by simple diet, exercise and stress reduction applications. The doctors here at the clinic treat a variety of digestive issues and for those who have heartburn or wish to investigate if they qualify to come off their proton pump inhibitor please feel free to contact the clinic.

Examples of Proton Pump inhibitors (PPI’s)

• Meprazole (Prilosec, Prilosec OTC)
• Lansoprazole (Prevacid, Prevacid 24-Hour)
• Dexlansoprazole (Dexilent, Kapidex)
• Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
• Pantoprazole (Protonix)
• Esomeprazole (Nexium)
• Zegarid, a rapid release form of omeprazole.e

If you are on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and have been on it for some time please speak to your medical doctor and see if you should discontinue it and explore other options.

References

1998

• Garnett, WR. Considerations for long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors. Am J Health Syst Pharm.1998 Nov 1;55(21):2268-79.

2000

• Laine, l. et. al. Review article: potential gastrointestinal effects of long-term acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.2000 Jun;14(6):651-68.

2002

• Waldum, HL et. al. Long-term safety of proton pump inhibitors: risks of gastric neoplasia and infections. Expert Opin Drug Saf.2002 May;1(1):29-38.

2008

• Proton pump inhibitors and an emerging epidemic of gastric fundic gland polyposis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Mar 7; 14(9): 1318–1320.
• Cunningham, et al. Is over-use of proton pump inhibitors fuelling the current epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea? J Hosp Infect.2008 Sep;70(1):1-6.
• Aseeri, M. et al.Gastric acid suppression by proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Am J Gastroenterol.2008 Sep;103(9):2308-13.

2009

• Ali, T, et al. Long-term safety concerns with proton pump inhibitors. Am J Med.2009 Oct;122(10):896-903.

2010

• Tetsuhide, i., et al. Association of Long-term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy with Bone Fractures and effects on Absorption of Calcium, Vitamin B12, Iron, and Magnesium. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2010 Dec; 12(6): 448–457.

2011

• Bavishi, C. et al. Systematic review: the use of proton pump inhibitors and increased susceptibility to enteric infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.2011 Dec;34(11-12):1269-81.

2012 

• Roulet, L. et al. Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors: should we worry about long-term exposure? Rev Med Interne.2012 Aug;33(8):439-45.
• Janarthanan, S. et al. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and proton pump inhibitor therapy: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol.2012 Jul;107(7):1001-10.

2013

• Maggio, M, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and risk of 1-year mortality and rehospitalization in older patients discharged from acute care hospitals. JAMA Intern Med.2013 Apr 8;173(7):518-23.
• Fashner, J. et al. Common gastrointestinal symptoms: risks of long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy. FP Essent.2013 Oct;413:29-39.

 2014

• Health Canada reference for dosing :Health Canada, Drugs and Health Products, Prescription drug list Notice Prescription Drug List (PDL), march 17t, 2014.

2015

• Hah, NH., et al. Proton Pump Inhibitor Usage and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in the General Population. Published: June 10, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124653.
• Haenisch, B. et al. Risk of dementia in elderly patients with the use of proton pump inhibitors. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci.2015 Aug;265(5):419-28.
• Akter,S. et al. Cognitive impact after short-term exposure to different proton pump inhibitors: assessment using CANTAB software. Alzheimers Res Ther.2015 Dec 27;7(1):79.

2016

Xie Y., et al. Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Incident CKD and Progression to ESRD. JASN April 14, 2016.

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